These dyes are based on vinyl sulphone group. Because of this VS Group these dyes are readily soluble is warm water. These dyes find their application both in Dyeing and Printing methods but are most popular by pad-silicate process being simple economical and most reproducible as compared to other Dyestuffs. These dyes find more application is discharge printing also since most of these dyes are dischargeable.   The salient featuring of these dyes are Have in general good fastness to light, washing and rubbing It can be used for variety of processes such an exhaust, batchwise, continuos and thermofixation It can be applied tor variety ot printing methods such as direct printing, discharge and resist printing. Unfixed dyes can be easily removed during wash off.   Camezol Dyeing Methods :   (1) Exhaust Dyeing :   Diagram not to scale     Minutes   Raise temperature to 40°c   Load machine, run liquor and / or fabric. Ensure that pH is below 7. Adjust with acetic acid if necessary   05 add predissolved Dye   10 continue dyeing   02 add 5 g/l Salt Raise temperature to80-85°c @1°c/min. while 10 continue dyeing   03 add 20 g/l Salt the salt is being added   10 continue dyeing   05 add remaining Salt   15 continue at 60°c to allow a uniform temperature to be achived throughout the machine, allow 15 minute after the last salt addition if salt is still being added when the temperature reaches 60°c   15 add Soda Ash slowly   60-90 dye at 60 °C     check shade   (2) Winch Dyeing :   Winches are mainly used for dyeing knitted and delicately woven fabrics. In this method dyestuff solution is added over a period of 15 minutes and goods are run at 40CC. Salt addition in then followed at same temperature and goods are run for 10 -15 minutes. After running the goods properly in dye and salt, alkali is added within 10-15 minutes and required temperature is attained and goods are run for 60-90 minutes depending on depth of shade. It is very important to add chemicals and dyestuff slowly as there are chances to get unlevelness during dyeing since the fabric is in rope form. Finally fabric is washed soaped, washed and dried. Back to Top (3) Jigger Dyeing   Load the goods on Jigger - 1 end Set dyebath at room temp with required water + 0.5-1 g/l Camasequest N - 1 end Add half the dye solution & run the fabric - 1 end Add remaining half dye solution & run the fabric - 1 end Start raising the temp & add 10% amount of the total salt in 2 ends - 2 ends Add 30% of total salt in 2 ends - 2 ends Add remaining salt in 2 ends - 2 ends At 60° C run the fabric - 2 ends Add soda at 60° C 1/2 the amount - 1 end Add remaing half amount of soda & run the fabric - 1 end At 60° C run the fabric - 4 ends Cold wash - 2 ends Hot wash - 2 ends Soaping at boil - 2 ends Hot Wash - 2 ends Cold water - 2 ends Total - 28 ends In case of dark shades salt can be added portion wise, as per Exhaust Dyeing Method.   Notes : For Dyeing Camezol Turquoise Blue shades the recommended Dyeing temperature is 80° C and hence Turquoise self shades or combination shades of Turquoise must be dyed at 80° C. Yellow FG, Red 5B. Yellow RTN, Red C2G, Violet 5R are not much suitable for exhaust method. For Dyeing Turquoise and combination shades of Turquoise use of Glauber salt and Tri Sodium Phosphate gives better yield. Turquoise Blue colour, should always be dissolved in boiling water to get proper dissolution.   Depth of Shade (% on weight of goods) Salt GPL Soda Ash GPL Up to 0.5 30 10 0.51-1.0 45 15 1.01-2.0 60 15 2.01-4.0 70 20 Above 4.0 90 20 For Alternative See the table of' Salt & Alkali Requirement' as on Page ; 40 Camezol Padding Methods : (1) Padding (Pad Batch Long Term) This is a simple application method where Caustic and Silicate are used. The goods are batched and then washed, soaped, washed and dried. Padding liquor is prepared as follows Camezol Reactive Dye - X g/l Urea - 50-100 Sodium Silicate - as per table Caustic Solution - as per table Wetting agent if required - 1-3 g/l Method : The dye powder is first properly dissolved with warm water and required amount of urea is added. Sodium silicate and Caustic solution is prepared separately in required quantity of water and mixed with dye solution just before padding. The fabric is then padded with 70% expression. It is either batched on a beam or kept on wooden planks and covered with plastic sheets. Back to Top Alkali requirements : For padding and batching temperature at 30 - 35°C   Silicate Be °Tw Weight Ratio Na20: Sio2 Qty of Silicate GPL Qty of caustic Solution Required of 32.5% - cc/lit. Dyestuff upto 30 GPL Dyestuff above 30 GPL 37-40 / 69-77 1:3.3 135 13 18 40-42 / 77-82 1:3.3 120 11 16 48-50 / 100-106 1:2.6 100 05 10 58-60 / 134-142 1:2.1 85 - 04   Back to Top (2) Pad - dry - Steam method : Padding Recipe     Camezol - 10-70 g/l   Urea - 50-100 g/l   Resist Salt - 10 g/l   (Alkali) Soda Ash - as per table   Wetting agent - 1-3 g/l   Alkali requirement     Dyestuff g/l - Soda Ash g/l   0-15 - 6   15-30 - 9   Above 13 - 12   Process :- The fabric is first padded at room temperature with 70 - 80 % expression and dried. The dried material in than steamed in a continuous steamer for 7 - 10 minutes at 100 - 105°C and then washed and dried. Before steaming the fabric must be completely dry otherwise patches or unevenness may be observed. Camezol V.S. Dyes Printing Methods : Different printing methods can be used for printing. (1) Print   > Dry > Steam  > Wash >  Dry   Recipe Camezol V.S. Dye = X Parts   Urea = 40-100 Parts   Water = 200 Parts   Sodium Alginate Paste (6-8%) = 500 Parts   Resist Salt = 10 Parts   Sodium Bi-carbonate = 10-25 Parts   Water = Balance   Total = 1000 Parts Process : The fabric is first printed with the above paste and dried. It is then steamed with saturated steam for 10 - 15 minutes at 100 - 105DC in Star ager or for 5 - 7 minutes in a continuous steamer and then washed and dried. (2) Print  >  Dry  >  Pad  >  Batch   >  Wash   >   Dry (V.S. Dye without Alkali) (Mixture of Sodium Silicate + Caustic)   Recipe Camezol V.S. Dye = 10-60 Parts   Water = 200 Parts   Sodium Alginate Paste (6-8%) = 600 Parts   Resist Salt = 10 Parts   Urea = 0-20 Parts   Water or Thickner = Balance   Total = 1000 Parts Process: Print the fabric with above paste and dry. It is then padded through 100 -110°Tw sodium silicate solution containing 4-6 cc/l caustic soda of 32.5%. It is batched and covered with plastic sheet. Dwell time is about 16-24 hrs. depending on dyestuffs used. Finally it is washed and dried. This is the most simple and economical method which is widely used because of its reproducibility and brilliancy of prints. (3) Print  >  Dry  > Chemical Pad  >  Wash   >   Dry   Recipe Camezol V.S. Dye = X Parts   Water = 320 Parts   Sodium Alginate Paste (6-8%) = 500 Parts   Resist Salt = 10 Parts   Sodium Hexa Meta Phosphate = 10 Parts   Water or Thickner = Balance   Total = 1000 Parts Process: The fabric is printed with the above paste and dried. It is then passed through hot fixation bath maintained at 95 - 100°C containing following chemicals.   Glauber Salt = 20 gms / lit   Soda Ash = 150 gms / lit   Potash = 50 gms / lit   Solid Caustic Soda = 25 - 30 gms / lit The fixation of prints takes 5-12 seconds. After fixation the prints are washed immediately and dried. (4) Print  >  Dry  > Bake  >  Wash   >   Dry   Recipe Camezol V.S. Dye = X Parts   Urea   100-200 Parts   Water = 150-200 Parts   Sodium Alginate Paste (6-8%) = 400 Parts   Sodium Bi-carbonate   15-25 Parts   Resist Salt = 10 Parts   Water = Balance   Total = 1000 Parts The fabric is printed with the above paste and dried. It is then baked for 5 minutes at 140°C or for 4 minutes at 150°C in dry heat. Finally the fabric is washed and dried. This method has to be followed with lot of accuracy for reproducing the results. Slight change in any parameters is likely to change the required results. (5) Discharge Printing : Almost all the camezol dyes are suitable for white discharge. Before going for such method properties of dyes to be used must be considered to get desired results. In this method ground colour is developed with required shade. The dyes used for developing the shade must be dischargeable. The fabric to be discharged is treated with mild oxidant if required. General Washing Method In order to achieve maximum fastness properties a proper wash off is essential for the dyed and printed goods.   Minutes   10 Rinse Cold 10 Rinse Warm 15-30 Soap at the boil. For Very heavy depth shades soaping required twice. 10 Rinse Warm   Rinse Cold until clear solution is obtained.   For Medium to heavy shades an after treatment with 1 - 2 g/l dye fixing agent is given at room temperature (40°C at acidic pH of 5 - 5.5 to improve fastness properties.)       YELLOW 5GL REACTIVE YELLOW     YELLOW GR REACTIVE YELLOW 15     YELLOW FG REACTIVE YELLOW 42     G. YELLOW R REACTIVE YELLOW 44     G. YELLOW RNL REACTIVE ORANGE 107     ORANGE 2R REACTIVE ORANGE 7     ORANGE 3R REACTIVE ORANGE 16     RED BBID REACTIVE RED 21     RED5B REACTIVE RED 35     RED C2G REACTIVE RED 106     RED BSID REACTIVE RED 111     RED HF3B REACTIVE RED 180     RED RB REACTIVE RED 198A     REDBS REACTIVE RED 203     RED REBI REACTIVE RED     BROWN GR REACTIVE BROWN 18     BLUE R SPL REACTIVE BLUE 19     TURQ. BLUE G REACTIVE BLUE 21     BLUE 3R REACTIVE BLUE 28     T.BLUE H2GP REACTIVE BLUE 77     NAVY BLUE GBR REACTIVE BLUE 250     VIOLET 5R REACTIVE VIOLET 5     BLACK B REACTIVE BLACK 5     BLACK RL REACTIVE BLACK 31     NAVY CB CONS REACTIVE BLACK     BLACK HGRN REACTIVE BLACK     BLACK CN SUPRA REACTIVE BLACK     BLACK HFGR REACTIVE BLACK BL / GR     BLACK N - 150 REACTIVE BLACK     SUPRA BLUE CRN REACTIVE BLUE 19A         Back to Top